The collection of the Slovenian State Security Administration's (UDB-a) surveillance materials about Maks Samec illustrates the mechanism and extent of control exercised by the UDB-a against a Slovenian scientist (chemist) of the older generation (Maks Samec). After 1945, Samec was perceived as an irreplaceable scientist, but also politically suspect, even a potential political and ideological adversary, so he was placed under surveillance.
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Ljubljana Zvezdarska ulica 1, Slovenia 1000
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Sociology, along with other social sciences, was under a strong political pressure in the socialist era. After the foundation of the Sociological Research Group (1963), sociologists tried to make room for more autonomous academic activities. “Critical sociology” formed in part because many sociologists refused to legitimize the communist regime through their work. This collection gives insights into this controversial dynamic, i.e. the struggle between scholars on the one hand and political institutions on the other.
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Budapest Széchenyi István tér 9, Hungary 1051
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The collection consists of manuscripts on historical studies, memoirs and correspondence by Stasys Matulaitis, a historian, national activist, member of the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (from 1896), and from 1917 a member of the Communist Party. In 1950, Matulaitis openly criticised the authorities of Academy and the work of the Institute of History at a session of the Academy of Sciences of Soviet Lithuania. He was fired from his job at the Institute. The most valuable documents in the collection are Matulaitis’ letters to the presidium of the Academy.
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Vilnius Gedimino prospektas 12, Lithuania 01103
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The Vilnius University Party Committee collection reflects the official policy and attitudes towards teachers, researchers and students. The university administration and Party Committee tried to control the educational process and the creative expression of scholars and students. On the other hand, documents from the collection help us to better understand the creative ambitions of Lithuanian researchers and even students, which did not always comply with the official ideology.
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Vilnius Gedimino prospektas 12, Lithuania 01103
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The archival fond Zhelyu Zhelev at the Central State Archive portrays the life and the creative and political work of Zhelyu Zhelev. Zhelev, a prominent philosopher, was one of the most well-known dissidents in Bulgaria and, in August 1990, became the first democratically elected president of Bulgaria (he was in office until 1997). The collection contains numerous materials documenting the attempts by the communist government to impose total control over intellectual and scientific activities; at the same time, it shows different forms of resistance and opposition by various individuals and groups. The collection holds essential documents, which can help us reconstruct Zhelev’s ideas and activism, including documents on the Club for Support of Openness and Reconstruction, which was among the first dissident organizations in Bulgaria.
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Sofia, Moskovska Str. N 5
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