The owner of the collection - the Wroblewski libarary belongs to Lithuanian Academy of Science. The idea to establish the Academy of Sciences was first conceived at the beginning of the 20th century.  In 1939 Studies was established and it became the basis of the system of the Humanities Institutes of the Academy founded later. Owing to the historical circumstances, the Academy of Sciences was established on 16 January 1941, i.e. at the moment when Lithuania had already lost its independence. Its first President was the famous Lithuanian scholar and writer V.Krėvė - Mickevičius.
During the Soviet times the Academy became main science institution in the Soviet Lithuania. While it was involved in sovietization processes the academy led by academic professor Juozas Matulis succeeded to keep distance against some soviet campaigns like lysenkoism.
The Academy of Sciences made a major contribution in promoting the idea of restoration of Lithuania's independence and in creating the ways and means of its implementation. As early as in 1989 the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences proclaimed its independence of the USSR Academy of Sciences.